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History?

What actually happened, minus the myths your teacher repeated. 43 questions and counting.

Did medieval people really think the Earth was flat?No. Educated people knew the Earth was round for over 2,000 years; the ancient Greeks even calculated its size. The…
How did the dinosaurs go extinct?An asteroid about six miles wide struck near Mexico 66 million years ago, triggering a global winter that killed roughly…
How did World War I actually start?An assassination lit a fuse already laid. The killing of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 triggered a chain of alliance…
Who actually built the pyramids?Paid Egyptian workers, not slaves and definitely not aliens. Archaeology found their organized villages, tombs, and records…
Who actually invented the internet?No single person. ARPANET began in 1969 with Defense Department funding; Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn designed TCP/IP in the…
Did Edison really invent the lightbulb?Not exactly. Others built electric lights before him; Edison and his lab created the first practical, long-lasting…
Who really discovered America?Indigenous peoples arrived at least 15,000 years ago, so they discovered it. Among Europeans, Norse sailor Leif Erikson…
Why did the Titanic actually sink?An iceberg opened a series of gaps along the hull, flooding more watertight compartments than the design could survive. The…
Why do we have leap years?Because a year is not exactly 365 days but about 365.24, so we add a day every four years to catch up. The extra rule…
Why is the Statue of Liberty green?It is made of copper, and copper turns green as it oxidizes. The statue was shiny brown like a penny when it arrived in…
Did humans really land on the moon?Yes, six times between 1969 and 1972, with twelve people walking on the surface. The evidence includes 382 kilograms of…
What caused World War II?The immediate trigger was Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939, which brought British and French declarations of…
What was the Cold War?A four-decade confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that never became direct war between them, fought…
What happened at Pearl Harbor?Japan attacked the US Pacific Fleet in Hawaii on the morning of December 7, 1941, killing about 2,400 Americans and bringing…
Who built Stonehenge, and why?Neolithic and Bronze Age communities in Britain, over roughly 1,500 years starting about 3000 BCE. Not the Druids, who came…
What was the Magna Carta?A charter English barons forced King John to seal in 1215, limiting royal power and establishing that the king was subject…
What was the Boston Tea Party?Colonists destroyed 342 chests of East India Company tea in Boston Harbor in December 1773, protesting Parliament's…
What was Watergate?A 1972 break-in at Democratic headquarters and the cover-up that followed, which led to Richard Nixon resigning in 1974. The…
What was the Underground Railroad?A loose network of secret routes and safe houses helping enslaved people escape to free states and Canada. It was neither…
When did slavery actually end in the United States?The Thirteenth Amendment ratified in December 1865 abolished it nationally. The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 applied…
Who were the Vikings?Seafaring people from Scandinavia who raided, traded, and settled across Europe and beyond from roughly 793 to 1066. Viking…
What was the Great Wall of China built for, and can you see it from space?Defense against northern nomadic incursions, plus border control, taxation of trade, and signaling. And no, you cannot see…
How long was the Hundred Years War?116 years, from 1337 to 1453, so the name undersells it. It was not one continuous war but a series of conflicts between…
How old are the Egyptian pyramids?The Great Pyramid is about 4,500 years old, built around 2560 BC. To put that in perspective, Cleopatra lived closer to the…
Was Napoleon actually short?No, he was average height for his era, around five foot six or seven. The short Napoleon myth came from confusion between…
Were people burned at the stake in Salem?No, that is the most persistent Salem myth. Nineteen convicted witches were hanged, not burned, and one man was pressed to…
What caused the Great Depression?The 1929 stock crash was the trigger, not the whole cause. Bank failures, a collapsing money supply, plummeting demand, and…
What happened to the Library of Alexandria?It was not destroyed in one dramatic fire. The great library declined gradually over centuries through multiple damaging…
What was Prohibition, and did it work?The 1920 to 1933 constitutional ban on producing and selling alcohol in the US. Consumption did fall substantially at first…
What was the Black Death?A plague pandemic that killed roughly a third to half of Europe, tens of millions of people, in just a few years around 1347…
What was the Silk Road?Not a road, and not primarily about silk. It was a shifting network of overland and maritime routes linking China to the…
When did humans first appear?Anatomically modern humans emerged in Africa around 300,000 years ago. Our genus Homo goes back over 2 million years, and…
Did Lincoln free the slaves?Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves only in the rebelling Confederate states, and only as Union armies…
Was Cleopatra Egyptian?She ruled Egypt but descended from Ptolemy, a Macedonian Greek general of Alexander the Great. Her family ruled for nearly…
Who was really the first president of the United States?George Washington, inaugurated in 1789 under the Constitution. The trivia trap points to John Hanson, who led Congress under…
Why did the Roman Empire fall?No single cause, and half of it did not fall for another thousand years. The Western Empire collapsed in 476 AD from a mix…
What was the Dust Bowl?A 1930s ecological disaster on the southern Great Plains where drought combined with decades of plowing up native grassland…
What was the Renaissance?A period of intense cultural and intellectual activity in Europe from roughly the 14th to the 17th century, marked by…
Who was Genghis Khan?The founder of the Mongol Empire, who united the steppe tribes around 1206 and built the largest contiguous land empire in…
What was the Industrial Revolution?The shift from hand production to machines and factories, beginning in Britain around 1760. It raised living standards…
What was the Berlin Wall, and why did it fall?A barrier East Germany built in 1961 to stop its citizens fleeing to the West, dividing Berlin for 28 years. It opened on…
What was the Louisiana Purchase?The 1803 acquisition of about 828,000 square miles from France for roughly 15 million dollars, doubling the size of the…
What was the Manhattan Project?The secret American program that built the first nuclear weapons during World War II, employing over 100,000 people at a…